字符集编码转换

复制import codecs

# GBK → UTF-8
gbk_bytes = b'\xd6\xd0\xce\xc4'  # "中文" 的 GBK 编码
utf8_text = codecs.decode(gbk_bytes, 'gbk')
print(utf8_text)  # 中文

# UTF-8 → Big5
utf8_text = '中文'
big5_bytes = codecs.encode(utf8_text, 'big5')
print(big5_bytes.hex())  # a4a4a4e5

# Big5 → GB2312
big5_bytes = bytes.fromhex('a4a4a4e5')
gb2312_bytes = codecs.decode(big5_bytes, 'big5').encode('gb2312')
print(gb2312_bytes.hex())  # d6d0cec4

复制package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"golang.org/x/text/encoding/charmap"
	"golang.org/x/text/transform"
	"strings"
)

func main() {
	// UTF-8 → GBK
	utf8Str := "中文"
	reader := strings.NewReader(utf8Str)
	encoded := transform.NewReader(reader, charmap.GBK.NewEncoder())
	gbkBytes := make([]byte, 10)
	n, _ := encoded.Read(gbkBytes)
	fmt.Printf("%x\n", gbkBytes[:n]) // d6d0cec4

	// GBK → UTF-8
	gbkBytes = []byte{0xd6, 0xd0, 0xce, 0xc4}
	reader2 := strings.NewReader(string(gbkBytes))
	decoded := transform.NewReader(reader2, charmap.GBK.NewDecoder())
	utf8Bytes := make([]byte, 10)
	n, _ = decoded.Read(utf8Bytes)
	fmt.Println(string(utf8Bytes[:n])) // 中文
}

复制// 浏览器环境：使用 TextEncoder / TextDecoder
// GBK 需通过 TextDecoder 的 'gbk' 标签（部分浏览器支持）

// UTF-8 → GBK（通过编码转换）
const utf8Str = '中文';
const encoder = new TextEncoder('gbk');
const gbkBytes = encoder.encode(utf8Str);
console.log(Array.from(gbkBytes).map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('')); // d6d0cec4

// GBK → UTF-8
const gbkArray = new Uint8Array([0xd6, 0xd0, 0xce, 0xc4]);
const decoder = new TextDecoder('gbk');
const utf8Result = decoder.decode(gbkArray);
console.log(utf8Result); // 中文

// 注意：Big5 使用 'big5' 标签，GB2312 使用 'gb2312' 标签